• 词性及解释
  n.
  对冲基金
• 例句
  At present, hedge funds lack transparency. Neither are they subject to supervision.
  目前，对冲基金既缺乏透明度，也不受监管。
  Hedge funds are typically open only to a limited range of professional or wealthy investors.
  对冲基金是专门只对一小部分专家或者富有投资者发放。
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对冲基金 hedge fund。投资基金的一种形式。属于免责市场(exempt market)产品。对冲基金名为基金，实际与互惠基金安全、收益、增值的投资理念有本质区别。这种基金采用各种交易手段(如卖空、杠杆操作、程序交易、互换交易、套利交易、衍生品种等)进行对冲、换位、套头、套期来赚取巨额利润。这些概念已经超出了传统的防止风险、保障收益操作范畴。加之发起和设立对冲基金的法律门槛远低于互惠基金，使之风险进一步加大。为了保护投资者，北美的证券管理机构将其列入高风险投资品种行列，严格限制普通投资者介入，如规定每个对冲基金的投资者应少于100人，最低投资额为100万美元等。

对冲基金的起源与发展

　　对冲（Hedging)是一种旨在降低风险的行为或策略。套期保值常见的形式是在一个市场或资产上做交易，以对冲在另一个市场或资产上的风险，例如，某公司购买一份外汇期权以对冲即期汇率的波动对其经营带来的风险。进行套期保值的人被称为套期者或对冲者（Hedger).
　　对冲基金（也称避险基金或套利基金）意为“风险对冲过的基金”，起源于50年代初的美国。当时的操作宗旨在于利用期货、期权等金融衍生产品以及对相关联的不同股票进行实买空卖、风险对冲的操作技巧，在一定程度上可规避和化解投资风险。1949年世界上诞生了第一个有限合作制的琼斯对冲基金。虽然对冲基金在20世纪50年代已经出现，但是，它在接下来的三十年间并未引起人们的太多关注，直到上世纪80年代，随着金融自由化的发展，对冲基金才有了更广阔的投资机会，从此进入了快速发展的阶段。20世纪90年代，世界通货膨胀的威胁逐渐减少，同时金融工具日趋成熟和多样化，对冲基金进入了蓬勃发展的阶段。据英国《经济学人》的统计，从1990年到2000年，3000多个新的对冲基金在美国和英国出现。2002年后，对冲基金的收益率有所下降，但对冲基金的规模依然不小，据英国《金融时报》2005年10月22日报道，截至目前为止，全球对冲基金总资产额已经达到1.1万亿美元。

对冲基金的特点
　　（1）投资活动的复杂性。
　　（2）投资效应的高杠杆性。
　　（3）筹资方式的私募性。
　　（4）操作的隐蔽性和灵活性。

A hedge is an investment fund open to a limited range of investors that is permitted by regulators to undertake a wider range of activities than other investment funds and also pays a performance fee to its investment manager. Each fund will have its own strategy which determines the type of investments and the methods of investment it undertakes. Hedge funds as a class, invest in a broad range of investments extending over shares, debt, commodities and so forth.

As the name implies, hedge funds often seek to offset potential losses in the principal markets they invest in by hedging their investments using a variety of methods, most notably short selling. However, the term "hedge fund" has come to be applied to many funds that do not actually hedge their investments, and in particular to funds using short selling and other "hedging" methods to increase rather than reduce risk, with the expectation of increasing return.

Hedge funds are typically open only to a limited range of professional or wealthy investors. This provides them with an exemption in many jurisdictions from regulations governing short selling, derivative contracts, leverage, fee structures and the liquidity of interests in the fund. A hedge fund will typically commit itself to a particular investment strategy, investment types and leverage levels via statements in its offering documentation, thereby giving investors some indication of the nature of the fund.

The net asset value of a hedge fund can run into many billions of dollars, and this will usually be multiplied by leverage. Hedge funds dominate certain specialty markets such as trading within derivatives with high-yield ratings and distressed debt.